Saturday, December 31, 2011

Friday, December 30, 2011

Municipality may have to ponder court battle to pay for wastewater guidelines: mayor


Mayor John Morgan of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality says the lack of a strategy between his municipality and the senior levels of government to finance new multimillion-dollar federal wastewater regulations could be a launching pad to a second legal action against the province. Chris Shannon ? Cape Breton Post

Mayor John Morgan of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality says the lack of a strategy between his municipality and the senior levels of government to finance new multimillion-dollar federal wastewater regulations could be a launching pad to a second...

SYDNEY ? With pressure mounting for the Cape Breton Regional Municipality to meet multimillion-dollar federal wastewater guidelines, regional council may have to consider heading back to court to fight for fairer equalization transfers from the province, Mayor John Morgan said.

In a recent year-end interview with the Cape Breton Post, Morgan said there is no funding strategy from the senior levels of government. That could force the municipality to launch another lawsuit against the province because it can?t afford to implement the Canada-wide municipal wastewater effluent strategy at a cost of approximately $454 million.

?I think what?s obvious in the subsequent period after the case was heard by the court is that really the provincial government had no intention of ever negotiating. They simply do not want to fix that issue (of equalization),? Morgan said.

Construction and operation of eight wastewater treatment facilities, which according to federal legislation must be built over the next decade, will cost $425 million. These wastewater facilities must begin operation by 2021 because the communities fall within the high-risk level category for raw sewage discharge.

With the inclusion of building and upgrading wastewater facilities in medium- and low-risk level communities, the cost jumps another $30 million to be constructed over 30 years.

The municipality will be in contravention of Environment Canada?s Wastewater Systems Effluent regulations if it fails to comply.

Earlier this year, regional council passed a motion instructing staff to halt spending on the wastewater strategy until the provincial government provides a ?reasonable approach? before it would commit anymore money.

A Service Nova Scotia spokesperson said last month provincial officials have been encouraging CBRM staff to continue work on developing a wastewater strategy.

?The three levels of government have not reached any kind of agreement in terms of who?s going to cost-share what and what that?s going to look like,? said Celeste Sulliman.

The province is currently reviewing all programs and services, including the distribution of equalization funding to municipalities. It?s expected the government will release the report in the spring.

The CBRM?s legal case, launched in 2004, was based on Section 36 of the Constitution Act, which places an obligation on the province to provide a reasonably comparable level of service to residents for comparable taxation.

Following rejection of its argument at both the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia and the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal, the CBRM made an application to have the issue heard by the Supreme Court of Canada. However, the high court declined to hear the case in December 2009, effectively killing the lawsuit.?

Ever since, the municipality has remained steadfast in its position that it?s not getting enough money to close the gap with other municipalities in the province.

A closed-door meeting in Sydney on Sept. 30 with Premier Darrell Dexter did little to bring both sides closer together on the equalization issue.

Dexter asked for greater co-operation and to focus on some bedrock infrastructure projects, but Morgan said that wasn?t possible when the province continued to support policies that ?starve the region.?

Morgan said council has put in place the groundwork to return to court proceedings by refusing to spend more money on the wastewater strategy.

?Inevitably, the federal government is going to appropriately say these (facilities) are going to need to be constructed to comply with international law,? he said.

?So the groundwork is really being set ... to get a statement of whether or not all citizens of our country have an entitlement to comparable services at comparable tax rates, as is stated in the Constitution.?

With the province remaining largely silent on the wastewater issue, the mayor said, the CBRM is facing its first progress report on implementation of the wastewater strategy this June.

?Some (provincial) bureaucrats have suggested that we ought to try to borrow over 50 years, and that might be a mechanism by which we fund it. The challenge, of course, is that it?s simply not sustainable. There would be no way we would be able to do that,? he said.

Ottawa has also suggested the gas tax fund money each municipality receives could be used against the cost of constructing wastewater facilities.

However, the CBRM has already ruled that out, as it only receives approximately $7 million annually from the fund. That?s not enough to cover the construction of these facilities or the estimated $10 million in operating costs each year, Morgan said.

Neither is the solution found in raising residential and commercial taxes, he said.

Tax rates have remained steady in the CBRM since 2001, and that?s unlikely to change, according to Morgan, who said residents need property tax and service stability as the municipality fights for a fairer equalization formula.

?The concern I have in either raising taxes or engaging in drastic austerity is it?s the municipal government acting as a surrogate for the province in taking punitive measures against our own people. We ought to be fighting the province for fairness rather than fighting with our own citizens.?

Entering a municipal election year, this is likely to continue to be a hot topic.

Morgan said he intends to seek a fourth term as mayor.

cshannon@cbpost.com

Source: http://www.capebretonpost.com/News/Local/2011-12-27/article-2849333/Municipality-may-have-to-ponder-court-battle-to-pay-for-wastewater-guidelines%3A-mayor/1

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Threat calls to Pak scribe for questioning military role

ISLAMABAD: Senior Pakistani journalist Najam Sethi has announced on his television talk show that he has been receiving threatening messages after raising questions about the military's role in politics.

Sethi said he had received "serious" threats from both "non-state and state actors".

He said if the threats did not stop, he would be "compelled" to name the "organizations and officials" who were responsible for them.

Without naming any intelligence agency, Sethi said during his show on Geo News channel on Wednesday night that the organization's operatives were "in touch with and threatening several other senior journalists".

The journalists did not speak about the threats before "because we did not want to destabilize things, but the time has come when all of them should come forward and speak publicly" , he said.

""This is not the age when intelligence operatives should be threatening their own civilians . A state within the state is not acceptable." Sethi's revelations came a week after journalist Hamid Mir claimed he had received threatening messages from the "security establishment".

Source: http://timesofindia.feedsportal.com/fy/8at2Eum0V5DRe1W5/story01.htm

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Thursday, December 29, 2011

Mass anti-Assad protest in Homs as monitors visit (Reuters)

BEIRUT (Reuters) ? The head of the Arab League delegation investigating if Syria is keeping its promise to implement a peace plan said on Wednesday the situation in the flashpoint city of Homs was "reassuring so far."

"The situation seemed reassuring so far," Sudanese General Mustafa Dabi told Reuters by telephone.

"Yesterday was quiet and there were no clashes. We did not see tanks but we did see some armored vehicles. But remember this was only the first day and it will need investigation. We have 20 people who will be there for a long time."

(Reporting by Erika Solomon Editing by Maria Golovnina)

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/world/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20111228/wl_nm/us_syria

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Wednesday, December 28, 2011

Big Deal of the Year: Microsoft?s acquisition of Skype for $8.5B

Microsoft purchased Skype in a deal worth $8.5 billion in cash. The acquisition gave Microsoft the highly visible internet voice and video service that accounts for about one in five international calling minutes worldwide.

The Skype takeover was voted the big deal of the year by readers of TechFlash as part of our 2011 TechFlash Newsmaker Awards, or Flashies.

Many have knocked the deal, given Microsoft?s poor track record with large acquisitions (Danger, aQuantive) and the high price the company is paying for Skype. However, given that Skype was rumored to be in talks with Facebook and Google prior to being scooped up by Microsoft, it?s been suggested that coup alone is worth the price tag.

Microsoft has said it will use Skype?s technology to support Microsoft devices including Xbox and Windows Phone and Microsoft will connect Skype users with Lync, Outlook and Xbox Live.

Skype is now a business division of Microsoft and Skype CEO Tony Bates reports directly to Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechFlash/~3/0Lrpr0SlevE/deal-of-the-year-microsoft-buys-skype.html

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The Blockheads, Water Rats, London

A fan barely moves the warm, soupy air inside the packed pub back room. It?s the sort of place where Ian Dury played with his band Kilburn and the High Roads in the early 1970s, one leg ravaged by polio, his Essex guttersnipe wit and intransigent attitude influencing a watching Johnny Rotten. But it was his next band the Blockheads who provided the jazz-funk, pub-rock engine which powered his greatest work, often co-written with Chaz Jankel.

Since Dury?s death from cancer in 2000, last year?s biopic with Andy Serkis, Sex & Drugs & Rock & Roll, and Paul Sirett?s great theatre musical Reasons to be Cheerful, have revived his work. The decision of the Blockheads to carry on, though, provides the purest connection.

Making two more albums to date, they?re a focal point for the mostly middle-aged fans here tonight. Dury?s former roadie and minder Derek the Draw is at the mic: Dury?s retainer, not his replacement. Impassive behind green bottle-top Lennon specs, handlebar moustache white, he?s a conduit for the parts of his boss?s spirit he shares. The band start with two of his co-writes with Jankel for Staring Down the Barrel (2009), ?George the Human Pigeon? and ?A Little Knowledge?. ?Before I could shake a stick at a jack-rabbit...? Derek muses in the pub tale preceding the latter, dry cockney wit, wordplay and voice just right. Dury?s furious charisma isn?t sought.

Mick Gallagher?s jazzy piano introduces ?Inbetweenies?, Dury?s happily salacious lyric (?put your fingers where my mouth just went...?) preceding the better-known ?Wake Up And Make Love With Me?. Norman Watt-Roy pulls the trigger on its finish with a pluck of his bass. A revered player, knees and elbows always at sharp, hip angles, he and Israeli jazz saxophonist Gilad Atzmon are the musicians to watch.

Many of the crowd choose discretion over valour in the sweaty back room, resting at the bar till a favourite song starts. Mine is ?Sweet Gene Vincent?, a tribute to the late, gammy-legged rocker with poetry and power which is now one to Dury. ?Hit Me With Your Rhythm Stick? gains thuggish force from the fans, jazzy subtleties abandoned to dance and let rip. This strange afterlife for a band who?ve lost their leader wouldn?t work for everyone. The Attractions without Elvis Costello? But the Blockheads keep something no one else can do breathing.

Source: http://rss.feedsportal.com/c/266/f/3828/s/1b45302f/l/0L0Sindependent0O0Carts0Eentertainment0Cmusic0Creviews0Cthe0Eblockheads0Ewater0Erats0Elondon0E62816420Bhtml/story01.htm

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Tuesday, December 27, 2011

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New powerful painkiller has abuse experts worried (AP)

NEW YORK ? Drug companies are working to develop a pure, more powerful version of the nation's second most-abused medicine, which has addiction experts worried that it could spur a new wave of abuse.

The new pills contain the highly addictive painkiller hydrocodone, packing up to 10 times the amount of the drug as existing medications such as Vicodin. Four companies have begun patient testing, and one of them ? Zogenix of San Diego ? plans to apply early next year to begin marketing its product, Zohydro.

If approved, it would mark the first time patients could legally buy pure hydrocodone. Existing products combine the drug with nonaddictive painkillers such as acetaminophen.

Critics say they are especially worried about Zohydro, a timed-release drug meant for managing moderate to severe pain, because abusers could crush it to release an intense, immediate high.

"I have a big concern that this could be the next OxyContin," said April Rovero, president of the National Coalition Against Prescription Drug Abuse. "We just don't need this on the market."

OxyContin, introduced in 1995 by Purdue Pharma of Stamford, Conn., was designed to manage pain with a formula that dribbled one dose of oxycodone over many hours.

Abusers quickly discovered they could defeat the timed-release feature by crushing the pills. Purdue Pharma changed the formula to make OxyContin more tamper-resistant, but addicts have moved onto generic oxycodone and other drugs that do not have a timed-release feature.

Oxycodone is now the most-abused medicine in the United States, with hydrocodone second, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration's annual count of drug seizures sent to police drug labs for analysis.

The latest drug tests come as more pharmaceutical companies are getting into the $10 billion-a-year legal market for powerful ? and addictive ? opiate narcotics.

"It's like the wild west," said Peter Jackson, co-founder of Advocates for the Reform of Prescription Opioids. "The whole supply-side system is set up to perpetuate this massive unloading of opioid narcotics on the American public."

The pharmaceutical firms say the new hydrocodone drugs give doctors another tool to try on patients in legitimate pain, part of a constant search for better painkillers to treat the aging U.S. population.

"Sometimes you circulate a patient between various opioids, and some may have a better effect than others," said Karsten Lindhardt, chief executive of Denmark-based Egalet, which is testing its own pure hydrocodone product.

The companies say a pure hydrocodone pill would avoid liver problems linked to high doses of acetaminophen, an ingredient in products like Vicodin. They also say patients will be more closely supervised because, by law, they will have to return to their doctors each time they need more pills. Prescriptions for the weaker, hydrocodone-acetaminophen products now on the market can be refilled up to five times.

Zogenix has completed three rounds of patient testing, and last week it announced it had held a final meeting with Food and Drug Administration officials to talk about its upcoming drug application. It plans to file the application in early 2012 and have Zohydro on the market by early 2013.

Purdue Pharma and Cephalon, a Frazer, Pa.-based unit of Israel-based Teva Pharmaceuticals, are conducting late-stage trials of their own hydrocodone drugs, according to documents filed with federal regulators. In May, Purdue Pharma received a patent applying extended-release technology to hydrocodone. Neither company would comment on its plans.

Meanwhile, Egalet has finished the most preliminary stages of testing aimed at determining the basic safety of a drug. The firm could have a product on the market as early as 2015 but wants to see how the other companies fare with the FDA before deciding whether to move forward, Lindhardt said.

Critics say they are troubled because of the dark side that has accompanied the boom in sales of narcotic painkillers: Murders, pharmacy robberies and millions of dollars lost by hospitals that must treat overdose victims.

Thousands of legitimate pain patients are becoming addicted to powerful prescription painkillers, they say, in addition to the thousands more who abuse the drugs.

Prescription painkillers led to the deaths of almost 15,000 people in 2008, more than triple the 4,000 deaths in 1999, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported last month.

Emergency room visits related to hydrocodone abuse have shot from 19,221 in 2000 to 86,258 in 2009, according to data compiled by the Drug Enforcement Administration. In Florida alone, hydrocodone caused 910 deaths and contributed to 1,803 others between 2003 and 2007.

Hydrocodone belongs to family of drugs known as opiates or opioids because they are chemically similar to opium. They include morphine, heroin, oxycodone, codeine, methadone and hydromorphone.

Opiates block pain but also unleash intense feelings of well-being and can create physical dependence. The withdrawal symptoms are also intense, with users complaining of cramps, diarrhea, muddled thinking, nausea and vomiting.

After a while, opiates stop working, forcing users to take stronger doses or to try slightly different chemicals.

"You've got a person on your product for life, and a doctor's got a patient who's never going to miss an appointment, because if they did and they didn't get their prescription, they would feel very sick," said Andrew Kolodny, president of Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing. "It's a terrific business model, and that's what these companies want to get in on."

Under pressure from the government, Purdue Pharma last year debuted a new OxyContin pill formula that "squishes" instead of crumbling when someone tries to crush it.

But Zogenix, whose drug is time-released but crushable, says there is not enough evidence to show that such tamper-resistant reformulations thwart abuse.

"Provided sufficient effort, all formulations currently available can be overcome," Zogenix said in a written response to questions by The Associated Press.

At a conference for investors New York on Nov. 29, Zogenix chief executive Roger Hawley said the FDA was not pressuring Zogenix to put an abuse deterrent in Zohydro.

"We would certainly consider later launching an abuse-deterrent form, but right now we believe the priority of safer hydrocodone ? that is, without acetaminophen ? is a key priority for the FDA," Hawley said.

FDA spokeswoman Erica Jefferson said the agency would not comment on its discussions with drug companies, citing the need to protect trade secrets.

Drug control advocates say they're worried the U.S. government is too lax about controlling addictive pain medications. The United States consumes 99 percent of the world's hydrocodone and 83 percent of its oxycodone, according to a 2008 study by the International Narcotics Control Board.

One 41-year-old loophole in particular has fed the current problem with hydrocodone abuse, critics say. The federal Controlled Substances Act, passed in 1970, puts fewer controls on combination pills containing hydrocodone and another painkiller than it does on the equivalent oxycodone products.

A Vicodin prescription can be refilled five times, for example, while a Percocet prescription can only be filled once.

The Drug Enforcement Administration and Food and Drug Administration have been studying whether to close this loophole since 1999 but have made no decision. Congress is now considering a bill that would force the agencies to tighten the controls.

"This is a problem that is fundamentally an oversupply problem," said Jackson, the drug-control advocate. "The FDA has kind of opened the floodgates, and they refuse to recognize the mistakes made in the past."

Pure hydrocodone falls into the stricter drug-control category than hydrocodone-acetaminophen medications, meaning patients would have to go to their doctors for a new prescription each time they needed more pills. But Jackson said that's no guarantee against abuse, noting that dozens of unscrupulous doctors have been caught churning out prescriptions in so-called "pill mills."

The Drug Enforcement Administration, which enforces controls on medicines along with the FDA, said it could not comment on drugs that have not yet been approved for sale.

However, Zogenix has acknowledged the abuse issue could become a liability.

"Illicit use and abuse of hydrocodone is well documented," it said in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in September. "Thus, the regulatory approval process and the marketing of Zohydro may generate public controversy that may adversely affect regulatory approval and market acceptance of Zohydro."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/topstories/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111226/ap_on_he_me/us_powerful_painkiller

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Monday, December 26, 2011

7 people shot dead in Texas home, motive unclear http://bit.ly/v3IYK1

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Source: http://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=10151086211430215&id=100420735214

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Russia: Fresh Protests Challenge Putin and His Loyalists (Time.com)

Regardless of the occasion, it is always humbling to see 60,000 people gathered in a single square, and it was no different on Saturday, Dec. 24, when at least that many gathered on Moscow's Sakharov Avenue to demand democracy, humility and respect from the Russian government. But the size of the crowd, which was larger than any demonstration the city has seen since the fall of the Soviet Union, was not as astounding as the composition of the crowd. Among the protesters, practically at random, you could expect to run into doctors, lawyers, engineers, big businessmen, small businessmen, academics, poets, filmmakers and students from every imaginable faculty of Russia's best universities -- not quite "the masses" of Russian society. Looking out onto a sea of them on Saturday, one had to wonder, Where they have been all this time?

At least since 2004, when Vladimir Putin began his second term as President, there was no secret as to the paternalistic system he was building. That year, gubernatorial elections were cancelled to allow the Kremlin to handpick regional leaders. Election laws were changed to make way for what amounted to a one-party state. Political competition became extinct. Mikhail Khodorkovsky, the billionaire who challenged Putin in politics, was put in prison that year, where he still resides, and that year's presidential elections were tainted by claims of fraud, just like every national election that followed. So why now? Why only after the faulty vote held on Dec. 4 have Russia's citizens finally ceased to be a silent, apathetic mass? (See photos of anti-Putin protest on Dec. 24 in Moscow.)

The answers to be heard at Saturday's rally were as diverse as the crowd itself, but they could be distilled to one potent Russian word: dostala, which means, "I'm sick of it." They were sick of not being given a choice of their country's leaders. They were sick of corruption and political paternalism. Unlike many of their counterparts in the Arab world, who rose up this year to overthrow dictators in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, these people were not sick from want and unemployment. "This is not an economic protest," says Maxim Yermolin, the general director of a marketing firm who attended Saturday's rally. "These people are well fed and financially secure. They've had a chance to travel around. They've seen that in Europe a government is not some godlike power. It is a set of managers you hire for a while and then fire when they cease to be efficient. They want Russia to be like that too."

Sooner or later, if that line of thinking is pursued, Putin has to go. But it is hard to imagine an easy transition that would satisfy the protesters' demands. The institutions that usually allow for a healthy renewal of power -- competitive political parties, for one -- have been diminished under Putin, and his United Russia party controls the entire bureaucracy and nearly every elected body in the land. Some of the slogans at Saturday's rally do not give them much room to maneuver toward an exit. One of the most popular opposition leaders to speak on Saturday, Alexei Navalny, did not even need to prompt the crowd to chant his favorite slogan. They spontaneously began, "We will not forgive, and we will not forget." It is a pledge that Navalny has long made explicit: Putin and his lieutenants must eventually be put on trial. (Read "Seasons in a Turbulent Year.")

But right now that seems more like a bargaining position than a political platform. With Putin still in control of the armed forces and the police, only a very small segment of his opponents want to risk pushing him into a corner. "Our goal is not to kick this or that person out of power," Grigory Yavlinsky, the founder of the liberal Yabloko party, said from the podium on Saturday. "Our goal is to change the system." And with the people suddenly willing to take to the streets in protest, the Kremlin has started slowly moving toward reform. Putin's prot?g?, Dmitri Medvedev, who will step down as Russia's President in March, proposed laws to the parliament on Friday that would allow new political parties to register more easily. During his final state of the nation address the day before, he said, "I hear those who speak of the necessity of change, and I understand them."

But the mechanisms the government is using to respond to the clamor for change amount to more of Putin's system of "managed democracy." According to TIME's sources in the United Russia party, the regime intends to create new puppet parties that would fracture and distract the opposition. These would be led not by independent figures like Navalny but by old-time Putin loyalists, two of whom attended Saturday's protest to shore up their popular credentials. Neither received a pleasant welcome. Alexei Kudrin, Russia's former Finance Minister and an old friend of Putin's, was booed and whistled at when he took the stage; while Mikhail Prokhorov, the billionaire owner of the New Jersey Nets who claims to be challenging Putin for the presidency, was heckled viciously as he walked through the crowd. One member of his entourage got punched in the face.

"The people are not stupid," Boris Akunin, an acclaimed novelist who spoke at the demonstration, told TIME afterward. "They have been quiet all these years because they were coming of age. But they are adults now. They are smart and vocal, and they have reached a critical mass." That is the ultimate lesson of Saturday's demonstration. For the first time since the collapse of communism, a truly vibrant civil society has erupted onto the scene, and it is demanding real democracy, not managed democracy. This is a political playing field that Putin's elite has never encountered before, and nobody knows how or whether it will be able to adapt. "Society has awoken from a long hibernation," says Mikhail Fedotov, the chairman of the Kremlin's human-rights council. "So it turns out we aren't like bears. We are not going to sleep this winter."

See TIME's 2011 Person of the Year: The Protester.

See the top 10 everything of 2011.

View this article on Time.com

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Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/russia/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/time/20111226/wl_time/08599210308300

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Sunday, December 25, 2011

Rose Parade floats go through a dry period

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When Rose Parade float companies begin decorating, there?s nary a rose in sight.?

Why? Because float decoration is in effect a two-stage process. First come the materials that will not wilt or die. They include seeds, beans, seaweed, bark, straw flowers and the like.?

At Phoenix Decorating?s Rosemont Pavilion, one of two facilities the company maintains in Pasadena, dry decoration is nearly complete. Volunteers led by crew chiefs and their assistants have been at it since early December.

Each float has a master book of directions written by Phoenix floral director Lyn Lofthouse indicating the color, kind and location of the materials. For a float like the one sponsored this year by Trader Joe?s, the directions can get complicated.

?Everything on that float has some kind of specialized detail. There are cans" of corn and other products found at Trader Joe?s "that are heavily detailed,? Lofthouse said. There are dry materials over many sections of the float and ?you just don?t slop it up there. There?s a direction to make it look sharp and clean.?

Some parts of the float are detailed enough to require the placement of individual seeds or beans one at a time.

This is where decorating crew chiefs and their assistants come to center stage. Some volunteers are repeat performers, but many are first-timers who need more direction.?

The Trader Joe?s crew chief, Nan Koupal-Smith, has been decorating the store?s floats for 10 years and fully understands the importance of getting small bits in the right place in the right way. ?The placement of detailed pieces of material gives the surface a multi-dimensional look rather than a flat surface look,? said Koupal-Smith. Using single grains makes the float "pop so you can see the three dimensions. That?s what you want to see when you?re looking at it.?

Decorators place the dry material after applying glue to the surface. The white glue is similar to Elmer?s but a bit thicker.

And when it comes to the actual application, Koupal-Smith said, technique is a matter of individual preference and the material in question. ?Some people use brushes, some people use sponges; it depends on how big the surface is. I use my hand. I?ve done it so long I can?t use a sponge.?

The importance of leadership on the decorating floor in finishing floats is not lost on Lofthouse.?I can?t do 22 floats by myself," she said. "So crew chiefs and assistants are an important part for me.?

And whence the army of volunteers so essential to finishing the floats? Phoenix gets them through its website and civic and other groups. Float sponsor employees are another source.

Many are longtime participants who have developed a true team sense with others on their crews. ?We look forward to it and seeing everybody because we only see them once a year,? said Pasadena resident Cheryl Graffi, who has decorated floats for 25 years, all of them as a member of Koupal-Smith?s team.?

For first-timer Vicki Robinson, one of the service members from the Los Angeles Air Force Base working on floats this year, it is a different reason. ?I just wanted to be part of it. I thought it would be fun, but I didn?t know what to expect. There?s real excitement here.?

-- Tom Reinken

Photo: Volunteer Cheryl Graffi touches up dry decoration material for the Trader Joe's float. Credit: Tom Reinken

Source: http://feeds.latimes.com/~r/lanowblog/~3/2Z1SHjKYKSk/rose-floats-go-through-a-dry-period.html

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Western Wind Energy Corp. announces 30 MW Mesa Wind Farm Executes New PPA

Friday, Dec 23, 2011

Western Wind Energy Corp. - (Toronto Venture Exchange - "WND") (OTCQX - "WNDEF"), is pleased to announce that our producing 30 MW Mesa Wind Farm located near Palm Springs, California has executed a new Power Purchase Agreement ("PPA") with a major California Utility. Terms of the deal are confidential, but we can disclose the price received will double the revenues received from Mesa. The new PPA covers the existing equipment. The Agreement is subject to customary regulatory approvals.?

Mesa records the highest annual wind speeds for any producing wind farm in North America. The year to date wind speed is 10.7 meters per second, or almost 24 miles per hour. Mesa has produced these exceptional winds since the opening in 1984.?

Jeff Ciachurski, President of Western Wind Energy states, "We are extremely pleased about executing our new PPA at Mesa. Together with the highest wind speeds of any wind farm in North America, Mesa offers long-term viability not only in its existing form, but as a new repowered project in the near future. Western Wind is humbled by owning its sites at the most productive regions in the world. Palm Springs is home to over 4,000 wind turbines, of which 460 belong to Western Wind."?

About Western Wind Energy Corp.?

Western Wind Energy Corp. (OTCQX: WNDEF) (TSX.V: WND) trades in the United States on the OTCQX under the symbol "WNDEF" and on the Toronto Venture Exchange under "WND". Western Wind is a vertically integrated renewable energy production company that currently owns 165 MW of rated solar and wind capacity in production in the States of California and Arizona. Western Wind further owns substantial additional development assets for both solar and wind energy in California, Arizona, Ontario, Canada; and in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.?

Western Wind is in the business of owning and operating wind and solar energy generating facilities. Management of Western Wind includes individuals involved in the operations and ownership of utility scale wind energy facilities in California since 1981.?

Source:?Western Wind Energy Corp

Source: http://www.yourrenewablenews.com/western+wind+energy+corp.+announces+30+mw+mesa+wind+farm+executes+new+ppa_72431.html

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Saturday, December 24, 2011

WISE presents a cosmic wreath

ScienceDaily (Dec. 23, 2011) ? Just in time for the holidays, astronomers have come across a new image from NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, that some say resembles a wreath. You might even think of the red dust cloud as a cheery red bow, and the bluish-white stars as silver bells. This star-forming nebula is named Barnard 3. Baby stars are being born throughout the dusty region, while the "silver bell" stars are located both in front of, and behind, the nebula.

The bright star in the middle of the red cloud, called HD 278942, is so luminous that it is likely causing most of the surrounding clouds to glow. The red cloud is probably made of dust that is more metallic and cooler than the surrounding regions. The yellow-green region poking into the picture from the left like a sprig of holly is similar to the rest of the green "wreath" material, only more dense.

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif., manages and operates the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The principal investigator, Edward Wright, is at UCLA. The mission was competitively selected under NASA's Explorers Program managed by the Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. The science instrument was built by the Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, Utah, and the spacecraft was built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colo. Science operations and data processing take place at the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Caltech manages JPL for NASA.

More information is online at http://www.nasa.gov/wise , http://wise.astro.ucla.edu and http://jpl.nasa.gov/wise .

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/qrf180O_Xak/111223105312.htm

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Friday, December 23, 2011

Moving Day for Many Species Is Becoming More Fraught

[unable to retrieve full-text content]A report from the Wildlife Conservation Society warns that several dozen ?spectacular migrations? ? in the air and on land ? are in peril.

Source: http://feeds.nytimes.com/click.phdo?i=b5b0b489dffaabd23a68536b75eaac65

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AP Source: Bulls' Rose agrees to extension (AP)

CHICAGO ? It seemed like something out of a movie script the moment the Chicago Bulls took Derrick Rose with the No. 1 pick in the draft.

The latest twist? A maximum contract extension.

That's just another milestone in a rapid and steady rise for the point guard from the city's South Side to stardom with his hometown team.

The reigning NBA MVP agreed to a five-year contract extension with the Chicago Bulls worth approximately $94 million, a person familiar with the situation said.

The Chicago Tribune, citing anonymous sources, first reported the deal.

The person spoke to the Associated Press on the condition of anonymity Tuesday night because the deal had not been finalized. The extension will start in the 2012-13 season, when Rose is eligible to make about $16 million. The Bulls scheduled a news conference for Wednesday, though they won't say what it is for.

"It's something big, but I think I want to talk more about it (Wednesday), with my family and everybody being there," the star point guard said after the Bulls' preseason victory over Indiana on Tuesday night. "But it's definitely something big."

And, teammates say, it was well-earned.

"We're all very excited for him," Carlos Boozer said. "He deserves it. He puts in a lot of effort. I wish the contract was for 10 years."

The chance to join Rose in the backcourt was a big draw for Richard Hamilton. The veteran shooting guard signed with the Bulls last week after being bought out by the Detroit Pistons, and so far, he likes what he sees.

"He works hard," Hamilton said. "He's young. He's 23 years old and the way he plays on the floor is the way he practices. In order to be great in this league, you just can't turn it on (during) games. He really has a great work ethic."

The deal is more of a formality than a surprise. Rose and general manager Gar Forman had indicated it would get done, and it was not hard to see why they wanted to stay together.

The Chicago product went from Rookie of the Year to All-Star to MVP in his first three seasons, becoming the youngest player to win that award. About the only thing he doesn't have is a championship ring, and that's what weighs on him as he enters his fourth season ? not the money.

"I think I live a humble life," Rose said. "Of course, I know I'll be able to afford whatever I want, but other than that, there aren't too many things that excite me. Me winning is one of the things. Me being around my family, that's another. Money, that's the last thing I think about."

The Bulls came close to winning it all last season, winning a league-high 62 games and advancing all the way to the Eastern Conference finals before losing to the Miami Heat.

Now, they're looking for more.

Rose has repeatedly pointed the finger at himself for the Bulls coming up short against the Heat in the playoffs. He worked on his inside game in the offseason after expanding his shooting range in previous years, but it's hard to imagine him accomplishing much more than he did last season.

Rose delivered one of the best seasons by a point guard. He also joined Michael Jordan as the only Bulls players to win the MVP award.

The South Side product established himself as one of the league's best players, averaging 25 points and 7.7 assists while leading Chicago to its best season since the championship era with Jordan and Scottie Pippen.

For Rose, the contract extension is just another milestone in a rapid rise from the city's rough Englewood neighborhood to a starring role with the Bulls.

He helped Simeon Career Academy become the first Chicago Public League team to win back-to-back state championships, then led Memphis to the NCAA championship game before the Bulls drafted him with the No. 1 pick in 2008 after defying long odds to win the lottery.

"The Bulls are loyal," Rose said. "They've stayed loyal with me, showed that they trusted me by picking me to come here. I just feel blessed, and I'm just happy that I'm here."

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/sports/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111221/ap_on_sp_bk_ne/bkn_bulls_rose_extension

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Thursday, December 22, 2011

Obama, Biden welcome home US commander in Iraq (AP)

JOINT BASE ANDREWS, Md. ? Blending solemn tradition with joyous reunion, the top commander of U.S. forces in Iraq returned home to U.S. soil Tuesday, greeted by his wife and his president in an understated ceremony to mark the end of the nine-year conflict.

President Barack Obama met Gen. Lloyd Austin and his top command staff with a smart salute at this military post in suburban Washington. Austin made his homecoming with his staff bearing the U.S. Forces-Iraq flag, the symbolic conclusion to the war.

Obama was accompanied by Vice President Joe Biden. Though neither offered formal remarks, both greeted the troops and their families.

Those families, however, had to await the ritual return of the flag before embracing their loved ones. Under Army custom the flag will be retired and either stored or displayed.

"Today we bring home the colors to United States soil, at the same time we embrace many of our own back into the fold just in time for the holidays," Gen. Martin Dempsey, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told the returning men and women. "Welcome home."

The last U.S. troops withdrew from Iraq on Sunday. In a visible reminder of the conflict, Dempsey, Austin and the troops who accompanied him wore their combat uniforms.

With Obama, an early opponent of the war, sitting nearby, Austin praised the war's outcome.

"What our troops achieved in Iraq over the course of nearly nine years is truly remarkable," he said. "Together with our coalition partners and core of dedicated civilians, they removed a brutal dictator and gave the Iraqi people their freedom."

Later, at the White House, Obama referred to the ceremony while calling for House Republicans to accept a Senate bipartisan compromise to extend a payroll tax cut for two months.

"These Americans and all Americans who served are the embodiment of courage, and selflessness and patriotism," Obama said during a surprise appearance in the White House briefing room. "They work as a team and they do their job. And they do it for something bigger than themselves."

"The people in this town need to learn something from them."

Dempsey and Austin saluted military families and Dempsey also singled out the USO and its history of entertaining troops during wars. Among those in the audience were former NBA star Robert Horry, a participant in a current USO holiday tour.

As the ceremony concluded, Obama waded into a teary and jubilant scene of reunion as troops and their families hugged and posed for photographs.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/iraq/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111220/ap_on_re_us/us_obama_iraq

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Saturday, December 17, 2011

Obama naming Treasury aide to head research office (AP)

WASHINGTON ? President Barack Obama is nominating a senior counselor to Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner to head a new government office set up to provide regulators with improved information to help prevent another financial crisis.

The White House announced Friday economist Richard Berner is the president's choice to be the first director of the Office of Financial Research within the Treasury Department. His nomination must be confirmed by the Senate.

The research office was created by legislation enacted last year to restructure how the financial system is regulated in the wake of the nation's worst financial crisis since the 1930s. It will collect and analyze financial data for early warnings to regulators of potential problems.

Berner previously held positions at the New York Federal Reserve and the Congressional Budget Office.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/obama/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111217/ap_on_re_us/us_obama_treasury_office

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Remote wilderness polluted by humans

Remote wilderness polluted by humans [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 16-Dec-2011
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sofia Holmgren
Sofia.Holmgren@geol.lu.se
46-709-289-778
Lund University

The research is based on studies of sediment from 36 lakes in the USA, Canada, Greenland and Svalbard, Norway. The researchers have analysed how the chemical composition of the sediment has changed over the centuries. Twenty-five of the lakes all show the same sign that biologically active nitrogen from human sources can be traced back to the end of the 19th century.

The nitrogen analyses of the lake sediments show that the changes began around 1895. The results also show that the rate of change has accelerated over the past 60 years, which is in agreement with the commercialisation of artificial fertiliser production in the 1950s. Sofia Holmgren, a researcher in Quaternary Geology at Lund University, Sweden, is the only Swede to take part in the comprehensive study.

"I have studied lakes on Svalbard, where the effects of the increased nitrogen deposition are clearly visible in the algal flora", says Sofia Holmgren.

She explains that both the species composition and production of diatoms microscopic siliceous algae have changed dramatically in the lakes on Svalbard since the start of the 20th century, with the most significant changes over the past decades.

Combustion of fossil fuels and use of fertiliser are the main sources of the increasing amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere. The nitrogen is transported with air currents and reaches the ground in rain or snow. It can travel thousands of kilometres and the nitrogen thus reaches even the most remote lakes and ecosystems.

Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plants, but overuse in more intensive farming can lead to pollution of watercourses, smog and acid rain in urban environments. However, little is known about the effects in more remote areas. An increasing number of studies of Arctic lakes are now showing major changes to the ecosystems.

###

For more information, please contact:

Sofia Holmgren, Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University

Tel. 46-709-289778, Sofia.Holmgren@geol.lu.se



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Remote wilderness polluted by humans [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 16-Dec-2011
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Sofia Holmgren
Sofia.Holmgren@geol.lu.se
46-709-289-778
Lund University

The research is based on studies of sediment from 36 lakes in the USA, Canada, Greenland and Svalbard, Norway. The researchers have analysed how the chemical composition of the sediment has changed over the centuries. Twenty-five of the lakes all show the same sign that biologically active nitrogen from human sources can be traced back to the end of the 19th century.

The nitrogen analyses of the lake sediments show that the changes began around 1895. The results also show that the rate of change has accelerated over the past 60 years, which is in agreement with the commercialisation of artificial fertiliser production in the 1950s. Sofia Holmgren, a researcher in Quaternary Geology at Lund University, Sweden, is the only Swede to take part in the comprehensive study.

"I have studied lakes on Svalbard, where the effects of the increased nitrogen deposition are clearly visible in the algal flora", says Sofia Holmgren.

She explains that both the species composition and production of diatoms microscopic siliceous algae have changed dramatically in the lakes on Svalbard since the start of the 20th century, with the most significant changes over the past decades.

Combustion of fossil fuels and use of fertiliser are the main sources of the increasing amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere. The nitrogen is transported with air currents and reaches the ground in rain or snow. It can travel thousands of kilometres and the nitrogen thus reaches even the most remote lakes and ecosystems.

Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plants, but overuse in more intensive farming can lead to pollution of watercourses, smog and acid rain in urban environments. However, little is known about the effects in more remote areas. An increasing number of studies of Arctic lakes are now showing major changes to the ecosystems.

###

For more information, please contact:

Sofia Holmgren, Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University

Tel. 46-709-289778, Sofia.Holmgren@geol.lu.se



[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-12/lu-rwp121611.php

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Wednesday, December 7, 2011

Nervous System May Hold Key to Weight Loss (HealthDay)

MONDAY, Dec. 5 (HealthDay News) -- People with higher levels of nerve activity may have an easier time losing weight, a small study suggests.

Researchers looked at 42 overweight or obese people who took part in a 12-week weight-loss program that cut their daily calorie intake by 30 percent. The participants' resting sympathetic nerve activity was measured at the start of the study.

The sympathetic nervous system, which spreads throughout the body, regulates many functions, including control of resting metabolic rate and the use of calories from food consumption.

The researchers found that successful weight losers had significantly higher resting sympathetic nerve activity than those who had trouble shedding pounds. They also found that successful weight losers showed large increases in nerve activity after they ate a carbohydrate test meal. This did not occur in those who were weight-loss resistant.

The study will appear in the February 2012 issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

"We have demonstrated for the first time that resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) is a significant independent predictor of weight-loss outcome in a cohort of overweight or obese subjects," lead author Nora Straznicky, of the Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute in Melbourne, Australia, said in a journal news release.

"Our findings provide two opportunities. First, we may be able to identify those persons who would benefit most from lifestyle weight-loss interventions such as dieting. Secondly, the findings may also help in developing weight-loss treatments through stimulating this specific nervous activity."

More information

The U.S. National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases explains how to select a safe and successful weight-loss program.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/weightloss/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/hsn/20111205/hl_hsn/nervoussystemmayholdkeytoweightloss

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Tuesday, December 6, 2011

Video: The panda express

After an eight-hour journey from China on a specially chartered and modified plane, two pandas find themselves in a new home in Scotland. NBC?s Keir Simmons reports.

Related Links:

http://www.facebook.com/nbcnightlynews

Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/nightly-news/45543663/

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Monday, December 5, 2011

Box Office: Breaking Dawn Takes Top Spot for Third Straight Week (omg!)

With no competition from new releases, Twilight: Breaking Dawn Part 1 ruled the box office for the third straight week, Box Office Mojo reports.

The fourth Twilight film grossed an estimated $16.9 million in its third week of release, bringing its total to $247.3 million. The Muppets took second place again with $11.2 million.

The Muppets come back big but can't catch Breaking Dawn

Hugo rose from fifth to third place in its second week, grabbing $7.6 million. Arthur Christmas drew $7.3 million to hold onto the No. 4 spot. Happy Feet Two followed at No. 5 with $6 million.

Jack and Jill stayed in sixth place for a second week, laughing up $5.5 million. The Descendants took in $5.2 million and moved up from ninth place to seventh place.

Rounding out the top 10: Immortals (No. 8, $4.3 million), Tower Heist (No. 9, $4.1 million) and Puss in Boots (No. 10, $3 million, for a total of $139.5 million).

Related Articles on TVGuide.com

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/entertainment/*http%3A//us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/external/omg_rss/rss_omg_en/news_box_office_breaking_dawn_takes_top_spot_third234200692/43804022/*http%3A//omg.yahoo.com/news/box-office-breaking-dawn-takes-top-spot-third-234200692.html

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Sadistic Little Boy Scalps Women and Catapults Cats All in the Name of Advertising [Video]

There are commercials so good, you'll never forget them. There are also commercials so bad, you can't help but remember them. Where does this Norwegian commercial that shows a creepily sadistic little boy who scalps women and catapults cats for Norway's 1888 telephone directory/text messaging service fall then? More »


Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/gizmodo/full/~3/m3QniK7ANzc/sadistic-little-boy-scalps-women-and-catapults-cats-all-in-the-name-of-advertising

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Saturday, December 3, 2011

Pets Of The Week: Add One To Your Santa List ? CBS Detroit

Don?t buy a dog, cat, puppy or kitten as a Christmas gift for someone else ? It?s riddled with potential problems. But there?s a caveat: Feel free to get one for yourself.

If you?ve got all the bases covered with room in your home and yard,?committment to great care, stability,?money for food and veterinarian visits ? and?love to spare ? a pet may be just what Santa ordered for the holidays.??

See a gallery of adoptable pets from the Michigan Humane Society?here.

Source: http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2011/12/01/pets-of-the-week-add-one-to-your-santa-list/

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WADA: NFLPA stance on HGH test 'not about science'

(AP) ? The head of the World Anti-Doping Agency says the NFL Players Association's objections to starting tests for human growth hormone is "not about science" and has "no substance."

Speaking on Thursday at an anti-doping conference hosted at NFL headquarters, WADA director general David Howman adds that the NFLPA's stance could lead one to believe that use of HGH is a problem in American football.

Howman says: "If you've got nothing to hide, open up."

Told of those comments, NFLPA spokesman George Atallah tells The Associated Press that WADA itself "lacks transparency" and says the union still has legitimate concerns about the tests and appeals process.

Howman is the keynote speaker at "The Doping Decision: Deterring Doping in Sport," a conference organized by the Partnership for Clean Competition.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2011-12-01-NFL-HGH%20Testing-WADA/id-5cea392814994050929787d69a6cd0eb

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Stealthy cellphone software stirs outcry (AP)

SAN FRANCISCO ? Technology bloggers are asking if our cellphones are spying on us after a security researcher said a piece of software hidden on millions of phones was recording virtually everything people do with them.

Amid a broad outcry, Sen. Al Franken (D- Minn.) is calling for an investigation. A class-action lawsuit has been filed against the software's maker, Carrier IQ Inc. of Mountain View, Calif.

The software, which Carrier IQ says is used on some 150 million mobile devices, appears relatively innocuous. It does watch what owners of Sprint Nextel Corp. and AT&T Inc. smartphones do with them, including what people type and the numbers they dial. But it doesn't seem to transmit every keystroke to the company. Instead, it kicks into action when there's a problem, like a call that doesn't go through, and it lets the phone company know.

"It is software that is developed in partnership with carriers with the intent to improve network performance. As far as we can tell, it meets this description in execution," said Tim Wyatt, principal engineer at Lookout, a cellphone security company.

"In line with our privacy policy, we solely use CIQ software data to improve wireless network and service performance," AT&T said in a statement.

Carrier IQ says the data its software gathers is stored by the phone companies or at Carrier IQ's facilities. It doesn't sell the data to third parties. Phone companies, of course, already are custodians of a wealth of private information, including whom you call, where you surf and what your text messages say.

The brouhaha started a few weeks ago, when a programmer named Trevor Eckhart documented Carrier IQ's workings with videos on his blog. The software company threatened him with a lawsuit if he didn't take the information down. The Electronic Frontier Foundation took on Eckhart's case, and the company backed down.

Eckhart posted another video this week, showing Carrier IQ's software logging keystrokes on an HTC EVO 3D from Sprint.

A central privacy worry is what kind of data Carrier IQ is retaining.

Andrew Coward, a Carrier IQ vice president, said the software doesn't record every keystroke or send information about all of them back to the company. The only keystrokes it cares about are specific administrative commands, including those instructing the software to phone "home." The rest it discards, Coward said.

"We never expected to need the content of SMS messages, so we didn't code for it," Coward told The Associated Press in an interview.

Apple Inc. has said it has stopped supporting Carrier IQ in most of its products. Separately, the company came under fire last year over location-tracking features of the iPhone and made a software change to keep data on users' movements for less time.

For now, there's no easy way to uninstall the Carrier IQ software without unsanctioned third-party software. Coward said it is "too early to tell" whether the company will make any substantial changes to the software because of the uproar.

___

Svensson reported from New York.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/internet/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111203/ap_on_hi_te/us_cellphone_privacy

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Friday, December 2, 2011

Debt crisis players want others to act first (AP)

FRANKFURT, Germany ? The major players with the power to tackle Europe's financial crisis are in a standoff ? to a large degree, of their own design.

Each has the capacity to take strong action independently, but instead is urging one of the others to make the first move. That's complicating expectations for a major summit of European Union leaders next week.

The European Central Bank, Germany, heavily indebted eurozone governments and the International Monetary Fund each wants, needs or expects something from someone else before taking politically difficult and risky steps to quell the crisis.

The you-first attitude ? at least partly a bargaining tactic ? is prolonging a two-year stalemate that has weighed down the continent's economy and global financial markets.

The standoff got another strong expression Thursday when Mario Draghi, the head of the European Central Bank appeared to dangle more help in front of hard-pressed European leaders ? if they first come up with an agreement on tough rules to bar overspending by individual eurozone governments.

Draghi's timing wasn't accidental. Rules on government spending are on the agenda for the Dec. 9 summit in Brussels.

The hope is that a promise of future action would be enough to calm markets. It's unclear if a promise alone would prompt the ECB get more aggressive.

"We might be asked whether a new fiscal compact would be enough to stabilize markets and how a credible longer-term vision can be helpful in the short term," Draghi said Thursday before the European Parliament. "Our answer is that it is definitely the most important element to start restoring credibility."

"Other elements might follow, but the sequencing matters," he said.

Many economists believe or at least hope the "other elements" might include stepping up the ECB's so-far limited purchases of government bonds. It is the step that many politicians and governments have been urging on the ECB. They say it's the only thing that will reassure bond market investors that governments will be able to pay their debts, so they remain willing to lend to them at affordable rates.

Here are the reasons the major players in the European financial crisis have for acting ? or not ? as they do:

? Eurozone governments: Many economists have called for the European Central Bank to give them financial and political breathing room by stepping up its purchases of government bonds. That would drive down their borrowing costs and, for the most heavily indebted nations, take the threat of default off the table, while policymakers work on a longer-term solution.

The 17 eurozone nations have set up a bailout fund, the European Financial Stability Facility. But, fearing voter backlash, they balked at giving it more than euro440 billion ($590 billion) in financing ? not enough to backstop Italy, whose borrowing needs next year alone would be some euro300 billion.

Finance ministers from Italy and Belgium have called for the issuance of eurobonds, or government debt that is jointly backed by all eurozone members. But Germany, a major influence as the eurozone's biggest economy, has resisted because ? unlike everyone else ? this would cause its borrowing costs to rise. So Germany wants something else first: a so-called fiscal union that put all members on the same page when it comes to keeping spending within limits.

"The German opposition to the Eurobond is by no means permanent ? it is just that a sequence of steps needs to be followed first before they can be introduced," says analyst Marchel Alexandrovich at Jeffries International Ltd.

? The European Central Bank: It says governments need to be the ones to convince bond markets they are good enough credit risks to be allowed to borrow at affordable rates.

Draghi signed a sharply worded letter to the Italian government in August along with Trichet, spelling out steps Italy needed to take to improve growth. Those steps included shaking up rules on hiring and firing people and letting firms break away from industrywide wage deals.

Draghi's refusal to immediately expand the ECB's bond purchases, expressed again Thursday, is based on concern about what economists call "moral hazard": the risk that bailing someone out will just remove any pressure to reform risky behavior. Germany, where opposition to bailouts runs deep, has backed him on that point.

Jennifer McKeown at Capital Economics in London thinks the bank will have to eventually break down and buy large amounts of bonds. So far, it has committed euro203.5 billion and holds only about 6.5 percent of the outstanding debts of Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece and Ireland.

"We suspect that it will refuse to do (more) until the eurozone governments have agreed on much clearer rules to prevent governments from running up such high debts in future," McKeown said. "That could take quite some time."

Simon Tilford, chief economist at the Centre for European Reform in London, said that Draghi's "no" might just mean "no."

"I don't think the ECB will undergo some complete transformation in response to this," he said. "It might be a bit more but it won't be shock and awe stuff."

? The International Monetary Fund. It has helped with a third of the money for the bailouts of Greece, Ireland and Portugal.

But it needs something else before it could even think about playing the lead role in backstopping much larger Italy or Spain: more money.

Economist Madhur Jha at HSBC Bank Plc says the international crisis lender has about euro290 billion ($389 billion) available ? not enough to be the bulk of any bailout of a country Italy's size.

It can raise money through loans from other countries, however. But some IMF members, such as Russia or China, would likely want enhanced political power at the institution in return for their money.

Several economists have proposed that the IMF borrow from the ECB, arguing that would skirt the legal prohibition on the central bank lending to governments. But it could be viewed as violating the spirit the EU treaties. It would certainly face opposition on the same grounds as eurobonds and bond buys, that it rewards bad behavior.

Source: http://us.rd.yahoo.com/dailynews/rss/eurobiz/*http%3A//news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20111201/ap_on_bi_ge/eu_europe_financial_crisis_stalemate

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